- Firmy produkcyjne i magazyny szukają możliwości zmniejszenia kosztów zasilania. W zakładach przemysłowych energia to nawet 40% wydatków.
- Jest wiele opcji wdrożenia oszczędności niewymagających kosztownych inwestycji i możliwych do szybkiego zrealizowania.
- Ekspert wymienia m.in. poprawę izolacji przegród, uszczelnianie doków ładunkowych, wymianę szyb na poliwęglany wielokomorowe czy uruchamianie tzw. strażników mocy.
- Podniesienie klasy efektywności silników tylko o jeden stopień, to o 1,3% lepsza efektywność – w skali roku to około 6-8 tys. zł oszczędności na jednym urządzeniu.
Poprawa szczelności, izolacja budynków
Zakłady przemysłowe, magazyny czy obiekty logistyczne to często obiekty starsze. Nie tylko nie były budowane z myślą o wysokiej efektywności energetycznej, ale też latami nikt nie inwestował w tego typu modernizację. Aż do teraz. We wrześniu wzrost cen nośników energii wyniósł wg danych GUS ponad 44% i był najwyższy ze wszystkich grup produktowych. To jednak nie koniec wzrostu cen energii, dlatego wiele firm nadrabia zaległości w tym zakresie.
– Drastyczny wzrost kosztów energii nie tylko martwi przedsiębiorców, ale też często pod znakiem zapytania stawia możliwość wypracowania zysku i przetrwania na rynku. W wielu zakładach przemysłowych energia to nawet 40% wszystkich kosztów. Dobrą wiadomością jest to, że wiele prac ograniczających zużycie prądu mogą wykonać jeszcze tej jesieni lub zimą, w dodatku nie będą to inwestycje wymagające dużych nakładów finansowych. Stosunkowo prosta czynność, jak sprawdzenie kamerą termowizyjną nieszczelności przegród czy elewacji, daje odpowiedź, gdzie ucieka ciepło, gdzie są tzw. mostki cieplne. Mogą to być np. uszkodzenia spowodowane przez gryzonie czy korozję – mówiPaweł Bukowski ze SPIE Building Solutions.
Ekspert SPIE podaje przykłady konkretnych działań, które szybko pozwolą zmniejszyć koszty energii:
– Miejsca, które dają szansę na oszczędności, to ściany zewnętrzne, przegrody budynków czy otwory dachowe, które czasem były zaślepiane, ale niezbyt dokładnie i bez izolacji. Można je zabezpieczyć lepiej. W wielu budynkach izolacyjność jest niska, a prostymi pracami budowlanymi można poprawić ich poziom. Ważnym elementem są także szyby, przez które ucieka 10-15% ciepła. Wymiana szyb na poliwęglany wielokomorowe pięciokrotnie zwiększa szczelność w porównaniu do starej szyby. Poliwęglan spełnia przy tym wymagania BHP, jest też bardziej wytrzymały.
W logistyce „słabym ogniwem” w kontekście utraty ciepła są doki, generujące duże straty. Rozwiązaniem mogą być kurtyny cieplne – to dodatkowe uszczelnienie podczas dokowania. Przy jednym doku może to dawać nawet kilka tysięcy złotych rocznie, chociaż poziom oszczędności zależy od wielu rzeczy, jak częstotliwość otwierania oraz umiejscowienie np. w miejscu otwartym, gdzie często wieje wiatr.
Wyższa klasa energetyczna silników
Duże możliwości oszczędności daje wymiana silników na nowocześniejsze wersje z wyższą klasą energetyczną. Nie chodzi tu wyłącznie o skomplikowane i drogie maszyny produkcyjne, ale np. silniki wykorzystywane przy wentylatorach w zakładach, gdzie pracują piece.
– Największe oszczędności mogą się pojawić przy silnikach wykorzystywanych w procesach produkcyjnych. Takie urządzenia mogą mieć dużą moc np. 30 kilowatów. Samo przejście na klasę wydajności tylko o jeden stopień wyższą, to wg naszych obliczeń 1,3% lepsza efektywność. Jeśli dla kogoś 1,3% nie brzmi zachęcająco, to wystarczy tę oszczędność pomnożyć przez 365 dni, czyli rok pracy takiej maszyny. To może dać już nawet kilka tysięcy złotych oszczędności rocznie. Zwrot z inwestycji w taki silnik to tylko 3 lata. Działa tu efekt skali – silnik pracuje często 24h, 365 dni w roku. Równocześnie stary silnik pozostaje w zakładzie jako rezerwowy, co też ma swoją wartość dla firmy. Przy dużych mocach silników jest to prosta i duża możliwość oszczędności – mówiPaweł Bukowski ze SPIE Building Solutions.
Ekspert podaje także inne możliwości uzyskania oszczędności bez dużych nakładów finansowych:
- konserwacja i regularna kontrola wydajności urządzeń,
- montaż paneli fotowoltaicznych nie na dachu, a na gruncie – nie zwiększają obciążenia dachu, a przede wszystkim, wg badań, ciepło emitowane przez dach zmniejsza wydajność paneli, zatem te na gruncie są bardziej efektywne,
- wymiana oświetlenia na ledowe dostosowujących się do natężenia światła dziennego – to oczywista oszczędność. Warto pamiętać, że ledy muszą być odpowiednio dobrane pod względem współczynnika oddawania barw (Ra) – im lepszy, tym wierniejsze oddanie kolorów. Najtańsze mają wartość około 70 (100 to światło dzienne). Ledy niskiej jakości bardzo zniekształcają kolory i utrudniają pracę, przy doborze nie można patrzeć tylko na cenę, ale głównie na jego wartości użytkowe,
- ekonomizery zamontowane na piecach wodnych bądź parowych pozwalające zwiększyć jego wydajność o 5 – 15% poprzez odzysk ciepła ze spalin,
- kontrola termostatów – jeszcze niedawno w magazynach termostaty były często ustawione na maksymalną temperaturę, bo nikt nie zwracał na to uwagi, teraz są zamykane na skrzynki, a regulacji temperatury dokonuje tylko wyznaczona osoba,
- zastosowanie tzw. strażników mocy – za pomocą systemów BMS monitorują zużycie energii w obiekcie, pozwalają szybko reagować na nadmierne zużycie, czujniki wykrywają awarie oraz informują, kiedy zużycie spada lub rośnie w nienaturalny sposób, co pozwala na szybką reakcję,
- analiza mocy zamówionej pod kątem rzeczywistego zapotrzebowania oraz kompensacji mocy biernej.
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